{"id":182697,"date":"2020-02-10T02:06:54","date_gmt":"2020-02-09T23:06:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lebnewsonline.com\/?p=182697"},"modified":"2020-02-10T02:06:54","modified_gmt":"2020-02-09T23:06:54","slug":"%d8%a3%d8%ad%d9%85%d9%84-%d8%af%d9%83%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b6%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lebnewsonline.com\/?p=182697","title":{"rendered":"“\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645”"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u062a\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0623\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u064a\u0635\u0647\u0627\u060c “\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0649 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645\u061f”. \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a (\u0628\u064a).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062e\u0644\u064f\u0635\u062a \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621”.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643<\/h2>\n

\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a: “\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647”.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0651\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0647\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0642\u062a\u0643!” (2018).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u061f<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/p>\n

\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a<\/p>\n

\"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/span>GETTY IMAGES<\/span><\/span>
Image caption<\/span>\u0644\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0649 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 (\u0628\u064a)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

–\u00a0<\/strong>\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u0637 “\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u00a0<\/strong>\u0648\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647\u0627<\/strong>“. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u00a0<\/strong>\u0647\u0630\u0647\u00a0<\/strong>\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639<\/strong>\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1995. \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644: “\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u061f”.<\/p>\n

\"l\u00ednea\"<\/span><\/figure>\n

\u062b\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062e\u0641\u0651\u0636\u060c \u0631\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\"\u0637\u0641\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/span>GETTY IMAGES<\/span><\/span>
Image caption<\/span>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

–\u00a0<\/strong>\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0628\u0628\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0635\u0627\u063a\u062a” \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0643.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0637\u0641\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0632.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 ( x + 2 = 4 )\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641: “\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639! \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627!”<\/p>\n

\"\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/span>GETTY IMAGES<\/span><\/span>
Image caption<\/span>\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u064b<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0646\u0635\u062d\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0637\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0647\u0645\u062a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

\"\u0631\u0633\u0645\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/span>GETTY IMAGES<\/span><\/span>
Image caption<\/span>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

–\u00a0<\/strong>\u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u00a0<\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u00a0<\/strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0643. \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 (\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u0637 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643 \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631: \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u0637 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0<\/strong>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/strong>\u060c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0646\u00a0<\/strong>\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644<\/strong>“\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0634” \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0645<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/strong>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u00a0<\/strong>\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u00a0<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u00a0<\/strong>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a\u064f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u062a\u064f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

\"\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/span>GETTY IMAGES<\/span><\/span>
Image caption<\/span>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u0633\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628. \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n

– \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u00a0<\/strong>\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u00a0<\/strong>“\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629”<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0635\u0627\u063a \u062f\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0648\u0641\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627” (1988).<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u064a\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0638\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u0638\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0648\u0641\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n

\"\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/span>GETTY IMAGES<\/span><\/span>
Image caption<\/span>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0643<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0646 “\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629”\u00a0<\/strong>\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0643\u061f\u00a0<\/strong>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0639<\/strong>\u00a0\u0646\u0645\u0648<\/strong>\u00a0\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0640 “\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629”.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629” \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 “\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643” \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647. \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0645. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0647.<\/p>\n

\"\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/span>GETTY IMAGES<\/span><\/span>
Image caption<\/span>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 “\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643” \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

–\u00a0<\/strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u064a: “\u0645\u0627\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0647\u061f \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 2+2=4.<\/p>\n

\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0639.<\/p>\n

\"\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645\"\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/span>GETTY IMAGES<\/span><\/span>
Image caption<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0624\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

\"\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/span>GETTY IMAGES<\/span><\/span>
Image caption<\/span>\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 “\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646” \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a”\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629”.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u062d “\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646”\u060c \u0641\u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\"Scutoid\"\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/span>UNIVERSIDAD DE SEVILLA<\/span><\/span>
Image caption<\/span>\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0648 Scutoid<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0623\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2018 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 ” scutoid “\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0630\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0629.<\/p>\n

————————-<\/p>\n

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